Thank you. It is good to have options. Will aim for the crate route first as we want to be shot of the playpen if possible but if the problem persists (now we know we need to do more toileting at night) I will revert to crate+playpen option. i was just worried that he seemed slightly too comfortable pooing in the playpen - because that is what he did as a puppy on pads before his vaccinations... so I think there is an association that that is OK at night. Whereas he doesn't poo in the kitchen in the day (famous last words!).